1. Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal, genital, and urinary systems. (pp 756–758)
2. Define the term acute abdomen. (p 758)
3. Describe pathologic conditions of the gastrointestinal, genital, and urinary systems. (pp 758–766)
4. Explain the concept of referred pain. (p 760)
5. Describe other organ systems that can cause abdominal pain. (pp 759–760, 765–766)
6. Identify the signs and symptoms, and common causes, of an acute abdomen. (pp 760–64)
7. Describe the assessment and management of acute and chronic gastrointestinal hemorrhage, peritonitis, and ulcerative diseases. (pp 758–764, 766–770)
8. List the most common abdominal emergencies, with the most common locations of direct and referred pain. (p 760)
9. Describe the assessment of a patient with a gastrointestinal and urologic emergency. (pp 766–770)
10. Describe the procedures to follow in managing the patient with shock associated with abdominal emergencies. (p 767–768)

1. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system and its main function in the body. (pp 778–780)
2. Discuss the role of glucose as a major source of energy for the body and its relationship to insulin. (pp 778–780)
3. Define the terms diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia. (pp 780–781)
4. Describe the differences and similarities between hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic diabetic emergencies, including their onset, signs and symptoms, and management considerations. (pp 780–781)
5. Distinguish between the individual types of diabetes and how their onset and presentation are different. (pp 782–784)
6. Describe the interventions for providing emergency medical care to both a conscious and unconscious patient with an altered mental status and a history of diabetes who is having symptomatic hyperglycemia. (pp 784–785)
7. Describe the interventions for providing emergency medical care to both a conscious and unconscious patient with an altered mental status and a history of diabetes who is having symptomatic hypoglycemia. (pp 785–786)
8. Explain the process for assessing and managing the airway of a patient with an altered mental status, including ways to differentiate a hyperglycemic patient from a hypoglycemic patient. (pp 784–786, 792)
9. Explain some age-related considerations when managing a pediatric patient who is experiencing symptomatic hypoglycemia. (p 786)
10. Discuss the steps the EMT should follow when conducting a primary and secondary assessment of a patient with an altered mental status who is a suspected of having diabetes. (pp 786–788)