EMTs will master airway management and oxygen therapy by escalating care based on patient needs. The curriculum covers low-flow oxygen delivery via nasal cannula for stable patients and high-flow concentrations using a non-rebreather mask for those in respiratory distress. For patients with failing respiratory efforts or pulmonary edema, CPAP provides continuous positive pressure and improves gas exchange. EMTs can manage the airway with measure and insert oropharyngeal airways (OPA) in unconscious patients without a gag reflex and nasopharyngeal airways (NPA) for those with a gag reflex. Finally, the bag-valve mask (BVM) serves as the cornerstone for providing positive-pressure ventilation to apneic patients, emphasizing the importance of a proper seal and appropriate tidal volume. Capnography and pulse oximetry are used to assess the adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation.