1. List the structures and functions of the upper and lower airways, lungs, and accessory structures of the respiratory system. (pp 628–629)
2. Explain the physiology of respiration; include the signs of normal breathing. (pp 629–631)
3. Discuss the pathophysiology of respiration, including examples of the common signs and symptoms a patient with inadequate breathing may present with in an emergency situation. (pp 631–633)
4. Explain the special patient assessment and care considerations that are required for geriatric patients who are experiencing respiratory distress. (pp 633, 636–637, 665–667)
5. Describe different respiratory conditions that cause dyspnea, including their causes, assessment findings and symptoms, complications, and specific prehospital management and transport decisions. (pp 633–634, 656–667)
6. List the characteristics of infectious diseases that are frequently associated with dyspnea. (pp 634–638) 17
7. Discuss some pandemic considerations related to the spread of influenza type A and coronavirus and strategies EMTs should employ to protect themselves from infection during a possible crisis situation. (pp 634, 637)
8. Explain the special patient assessment and care considerations that are required for pediatric patients who are experiencing respiratory distress. (pp 634–638, 642, 662–667)
9. Describe the assessment of a patient who is in respiratory distress and the relationship of the assessment findings to patient management and transport decisions. (pp 648–655)
 

1. Discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. (pp 677–684)
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. (pp 684–692)
3. Describe the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of thromboembolism. (pp 684–688)
4. Describe the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of angina pectoris. (pp 685–686)
5. Describe the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of myocardial infarction. (pp 686–688)
6. Describe the anatomy, signs and symptoms, and management of hypertensive emergencies. (pp 690–692)
7. Describe the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of aortic aneurysm/dissection. (p 691)
8. Explain patient assessment for patients with cardiovascular problems. (pp 692–696)
9. Explain the relationship between airway management and the patient with cardiac compromise. (pp 692–693)
10. Give the indications and contraindications for the use of aspirin and nitroglycerin. (pp 697–699)
11. Recognize that many patients will have had cardiac surgery and may have implanted pacemakers or defibrillators. (pp 703–704)