1. Define the terms mechanism of injury (MOI), blunt trauma, and penetrating trauma. (pp 901, 904)

2. Explain the relationship of the MOI to potential energy, kinetic energy, and work. (pp 901–902)

3. Provide examples of the MOI that would cause blunt and penetrating trauma to occur. (pp 904–915)

4. Describe the five types of motor vehicle crashes, the injury patterns associated with each one, and how each relates to the index of suspicion of life-threatening injuries. (pp 904–911)

5. Discuss the three specific factors to consider during assessment of a patient who has been injured in a fall, plus additional considerations for pediatric and geriatric patients. (pp 912–913)

6. Discuss the effects of high-, medium-, and low-velocity penetrating trauma on the body and how an understanding of each type helps EMTs form an index of suspicion about unseen life-threatening injuries. (pp 913–915)

1. Describe the general structure of the circulatory system and the function of it 

different parts, including the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. (pp 934–937)

2. Explain the significance of bleeding caused by blunt force trauma, including the

importance of perfusion. (pp 937–941)

3. Discuss hypovolemic shock as a result of bleeding, including the signs of shock. 

4. Explain the importance of following standard precautions when treating a patient with external bleeding. (p 938)

5. Describe the characteristics of external bleeding, including the identification of the 

following types of bleeding: arterial, venous, and capillary. (pp 938–940)

6. Explain how to determine the nature of the illness (NOI) for internal bleeding,

including identifying possible traumatic and nontraumatic sources. (p 940)

7. Identify the signs and symptoms of internal bleeding. (pp 940–941

1. Describe the anatomy of the skin; include the layers of the skin. (pp 962–964)

2. Know the major functions of the skin. (p 964)

3. Name the three types of soft-tissue injuries. (p 964)

4. Describe the types of closed soft-tissue injuries. (pp 965–966)

5. Describe the types of open soft-tissue injuries. (pp 966–970)

6. Explain patient assessment of closed and open injuries. (pp 970–976)

7. Explain patient assessment of closed and open injuries in relation to airway management. (pp 971–973)

8. Explain the emergency medical care for closed and open injuries. (pp 976–977)