Objectives: 

• Define syncope and describe its underlying pathophysiology.

• Differentiate major categories of syncope, including vasovagal, orthostatic, cardiac, and other causes.

• Identify high-risk features (“red flags”) that suggest a potentially life-threatening etiology.

• Develop appropriate management and transport decisions based on patient presentation and risk stratification.

• Apply case-based scenarios to reinforce decision-making in remote and resource-limited settings.